Complete engagement of the national programmes from the stage of planning to execution, and periodic programme review is necessary to ensure feasible and successful implementation of a policy intervention [47].
However, Jason Pott noted that in his experience in the NHS, implementation of policies or interventions with good publicity does not always translate well into practice on the ground (e.g. the zero tolerance of aggression in the NHS).
Furthermore, it seems that active implementation of policies or interventions to counteract overweight and obesity have been triggered more by the countries with higher values in Round 1 than by the countries with lower values.
To this end, we recently published a framework for organizing and ultimately advancing the knowledge, principles, and practices related to action-oriented research in population nutrition, most of which deal with the implementation of policies, programs, and interventions.
Finally, while most of the action-oriented research papers identified through the bibliometric search in this paper are focused on topics, processes, and/or actors related to implementation of policies, programs, or interventions, it is important to note that search terms such as "implementation" or "delivery" were not employed in this study.
Professional development interventions targeting these beliefs may be able to contribute to the effective implementation of policy on screening and brief intervention to address alcohol use in pregnancy.
The implementation of cost-reducing policy interventions like the London Protocol will, therefore, induce a significant increase in the number of patents validated in each European country.
The government should provide clear governance related interventions to deal with persistent health system challenges that hinder effective implementation of policy at the district level.
These findings indicate the need to address midwives' concern about the potential to cause discomfort when asking about alcohol use in the design and implementation of policies on screening and brief intervention for alcohol use in pregnancy.
In addition, health services studies are needed to evaluate the impact of systems interventions, such as implementation of policies, protocols, and order sets promoting scheduled insulin and provider education, on changing prescribing behavior.
