The 2001 FMD transmission kernel developed by Keeling and collaborators indicated that approximately 50% of transmission occurred within 3 km of an IP after the implementation of a livestock movement ban [ 9] – thus local spread is important, but there is a lack of understanding as to how this is related to true contiguity.
The LEGS handbook is a set of international guidelines and standards for the assessment, design, implementation and evaluation of livestock interventions to assist people affected by humanitarian crises.
A key example is the Livestock Emergency Guidelines and Standards (LEGS) project which aims to increase the quality of emergency response when livestock are key social and economic assets for the affected community by promoting international guidelines and minimum standards for the design, implementation and assessment of livestock interventions during disasters (LEGS 2009).
Consequently, unidentified or underdiagnosed RVFV infections among livestock in Maputo Province warrant further research, and implementation of surveillance and livestock vaccination programs in the studied area should be discussed.
Whereas many transgenic crops have been produced and commercialized, there has yet to be any implementation of genetically engineered livestock.
Despite implementation of a national livestock movement ban 3 days after the first confirmed case of foot-and-mouth (FMD) in the UK in 2001, the disease continued to spread through the farming landscape [ 1].
During the 2006 and 2007 outbreak of RVF, a ban on this practice in northern Kenya supported by the local imams proved to be a critical step toward reducing human and animal morbidity and mortality caused by RVF alongside other measures, like a government-led ban on animal slaughtering, restrictions on movement of livestock, and implementation of vector-control programs.
It provides tools and guidance for participatory design and implementation of timely and appropriate livestock responses, covering key topics such as assessment, response identification, and technical areas including destocking, veterinary services, water, feed, shelter and restocking.
Specifically, creation of male native authority, commercialization and commodification of livestock, and the implementation of post-World War II social reforms blurs the social status women enjoyed before while enhancing male economic and political authority relative to that of women.
