As well, the majority of documents were predominantly outcome evaluation studies (n = 98) while a small proportion were intervention descriptions (n = 9), implementation studies (studies that examined the implementation process but did not evaluate intervention outcomes; n = 4), or moderator studies (n = 10).
Oliver's framework helped in choosing a program development and implementation process but did not directly address characteristics of a program itself that would make it more likely to be implemented successfully, issues that would matter to the workgroup.
Therefore the quality of the design follows knowledge implementation but does not exceed the level of relevant knowledge of the designer.
NextFlow's DSL allows more flexibility due to its dataflow-based implementation, but does not support creating a library of reusable component definitions.
Indeed, programme differentiation is a peculiar characteristic that can influence implementation but does not depend on programme actors, whereas exposure represents the amount of the programme delivered.
When 30 day mortality rather than in-hospital mortality was used as the outcome variable, results trended in the hypothesised direction for the post-implementation periods but did not reach statistical significance (Wald test χ=5.51, P=0.138).
Thus, these quantitative data highlighted one gap between policy and actual practice, an "implementation gap" [ 23], but did not explain the reasons underlying it.
The remaining 28 publications were excluded on the basis they described the development or implementation of an intervention but did not evaluate its effectiveness.
The results, published in the American Journal of Preventative Medicine, showed that participants who formulated intentions to overcome obstacles were twice as physically active exercising nearly one hour more per week as participants in the control group, who received information about the importance of physical exercise but did not formulate implementation intentions.
