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Structural impediments such as poverty are one thing, but low confidence and thwarted aspiration are also serious stumbling blocks to social mobility and personal success, he says.
But three common hurdles crop up all the time: cultural assumptions ("she'll leave as soon as she has children"), workplace biases (promotion through male self-promotion, for instance) and policy impediments (such as minimal paternity leave).
But Japan is littered with barriers to risk-taking and innovation, from an archaic education system that fosters rote learning to bureaucratic impediments such as restrictions on firing workers.
Since the end of World War II, when it was formed, the I.M.F. has been the most vocal global proponent of free trade policies in which countries around the world agree to trade with each other and keep impediments such as tariffs or quotas to a minimum.
One always imagines that the crossing of the last span of a trip bridging years will be something impulsive: when all the real impediments, such as continents, oceans, and passports, have been overcome, friends should run into each other's arms as fast as they can.
From Arnie in San Diego: One reads about structural impediments such as the wealthy evading taxes in Greece and Italy, and about the lack of competition in these countries because of the strength of unions, and the difficulty in obtaining new business licenses and the like.
Similar(32)
There were, however, impediments (estorbos), such as traditional privileges (e.g., grazing rights held by the sheep-breeders' corporation, the Mesta) or attitudes (e.g., the prejudice of the nobility against the "mechanical trades"); they could not be allowed to stand in the way of greater prosperity and, therefore, of a higher tax income for the state.
However, many business impediments remain, such as high levels of bureaucracy, legal uncertainty due to overlapping and at times conflicting responsibilities between agencies, difficulty of enforcing contracts, and weak investor protection.
There are structural impediments to transdisciplinarity such as university structures, publication requirements and funding preferences that perpetuate disciplinary differences and researchers often lack transdisciplinary experience and expertise.
The government still faces pressure from investors and European partners to sustain its efforts to address Italy's long-standing structural impediments to growth, such as labor market inefficiencies and widespread tax evasion.
This approach is free from some of the impediments of SELEX, such as the need to design randomized DNA/RNA libraries of appropriate complexity and aptamer length to provide candidates for binding with the specific targets.
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