International interference and the resulting weak institutions, in turn, impeded development, poverty reduction and empowerment efforts.
In addition, indirect effects are thought to impede development and poverty reduction efforts (DFID [2006]), contributing to the (economic) cost of low-level chronic hazards.
Aggravated economic burden can exacerbate poverty, impede survival, development and protection of children," said UNICEF Philippines Representative Lotta Sylwander.
Several interdependent factors including the conflicting pressures of sexual morality and the demands of nurturing and motherhood, in conditions of abject poverty, impeded the participating women from following medical advice on infant feeding.
But the potential disruptions and the tremendous cost of trying to reduce their impact could slow Vietnam's drive to emerge from its postwar poverty and impede its ambitions to become one of the region's economic leaders.
However, some slums may persist if the poor prefer locations that are closer to the city center.18 Also, slums may continue to grow because poverty traps impede migrants from moving to a better location, despite the intention of the poor when they move to the city to live in a slum only temporarily (Marx et al. 2013).
We know that being raised in poverty can impede a child's ability to learn and lead to social, behavioral and emotional problems.
In Senegal, violence in school, early marriage, sexual abuse, gender discrimination and poverty can impede a girl's ability to learn.
Major vector-borne diseases such as malaria, lymphatic filariasis, dengue, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and Japanese encephalitis, as well as nuisance pests in and around human habitations, cause tremendous suffering and impede the alleviation of poverty and constrain economic development.
We hypothesize that poverty directly impedes cognitive function and present two studies that test this hypothesis.
