Over a century and a half later – after decades of advertising, propaganda, and PR, compositing, enhancement and outright manipulation – we are more cautious about seeing photographs as impartial representations of reality.
An impartial governmental agency should regulate the guideline process.
Other guarantees in the Bill of Rights require fair procedures for persons accused of a crime such as protection against unreasonable search and seizure, compulsory self-incrimination, double jeopardy, and excessive bail and guarantees of a speedy and public trial by a local, impartial jury before an impartial judge and representation by counsel.
They assume that representation within the sciences is neutral, impartial, and objective; by contrast, legal representation is seen as deviant ("junk science"), because it incorporates such distorting factors as the interests of parties, their experts, and their legal counsel.
Then, five years ago, crowds began to appear in the street, demanding some of the things we in the west take for granted: an opportunity to change the government, a right to representation, the accountability of the police, an impartial judiciary.
Players also gained the right to select representation on the league's retirement board and the right to impartial arbitration for injury grievances.
It sits uneasily with the notion of impartial justice, though the way the French system deals with its victims - by allowing them, as 'civil parties', formal legal representation at criminal trials - might be worth examination.
Impartial academic research is difficult.
