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Meyers, Diana Tietjens, "Moral Reflection: Beyond Impartial Reason", Hypatia, 8(3), 21-47, Summer 1993.
Parfit (2011) proposes seeking rules that everyone has (personal or impartial) reason to choose or will that everyone accept.
Notice the contrast between two reasons a parent has not to kill his child: the reason constitutive of his parental obligation versus the impartial reason constitutive of the child's moral status.
In a different people choice, we have an impartial reason to maximise the well-being of future people even though different possible futures include different groups of possible people.
Also like Kant, Habermas links morality with respect for autonomous agency: in following the dictates of impartial reason, one follows one's own conscience and shows respect for other such agents.
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Instead, Parfit argues that contractualists should permit both personal and impartial reasons as grounds for reasonable rejection.
On the one hand, it's the responsibility of the reviewer to be balanced, impartial, reasoned, zen – like a Jedi or this cat.
The crucial feature of impartial reasons is that they are not narrowly person-affecting.
Impartial reasons, here, are grounded in the moral claims or the well-being of individuals.
And thus they are impartial reasons, that is, every moral agent (human, intelligent Martian, etc).
As with the individualist restriction, we might wonder whether the admission of impartial reasons effectively abandons the spirit of contractualism.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com