At this point, intermolecular hard-sphere repulsions between crowders and solute particles impair diffusion.
Isolated impaired diffusion capacity was defined by a diffusion capacity < 80% of predicted, in the absence of obstruction or restriction.
Hence, lack of functional capillaries as well as impaired diffusion implicate significant tissue malnutrition and chronic hypoxia in SSc patients.
The progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagens, fibronectin and glycosaminoglycans [ 52] increases distances between cells and their supplying vessels and may impair diffusion.
Indirect correlation of oxygen levels with dermal thickness supports the concepts of impaired diffusion due to accumulation of extracellular matrix in lesional skin of SSc patients.
Interestingly, the mutant also markedly impaired diffusion within the GLFG gel and, thus, locked the gel in a non-dynamic, 'frozen' state.
A small study looking at the pulmonary outcome in JDM found that, on follow-up, JDM patients had smaller lung volumes than controls, and that 75% had impaired diffusion, restriction or an HRCT abnormality [ 30].
Damage to vascularisation and impaired diffusion into the lumen due to reaming and intramedullary nailing may prevent systemic antibiotics from reaching the bone and surrounding tissue in concentrations high enough for an effective bactericidal action [ 17].
Using this animal model, dead space calculation reflects true dead space before the lavage, but after the lavage this computation may reveal only impaired diffusion in the presence of an induced pulmonary edema.
Furthermore, experimental tracer studies show impaired diffusion through cortical gray matter [ 5, 6] and ultrastructural studies show compression of the extracellular compartment in the outer cortical layers [ 7, 8].
