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Fencing is open to wheelchair athletes, whose impairments may include spinal cord injuries, lower limb amputation and cerebral palsy and whose conditions prohibit them from competing against standing, able-bodied fencers.
There are two classes called Minimally Disabled (MD) and Disabled (D) and a team may only have one MD player on the court while the other five players have to be class D. Basketball is open to wheelchair athletes, whose impairments may include paraplegia, lower limb amputation, cerebral palsy and polio.
Communication impairments may include a delay or lack of development of spoken language while social impairments are likely to encompass the poor modulation of eye contact, deficits interpreting facial affect, and a lack or atypicality of gesture during social interactions.
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It has been reported that physical impairments following ankle fractures may include pain, functional impairment and the development of post-trauma arthritis [ 16].
The etiology of functional impairment in diabetes may include interaction between coexisting medical conditions, peripheral neuropathy, vision and hearing difficulty, and gait and balance problems.
The etiology of cognitive impairment in LLD may include cerebrovascular disease, a significant risk factor for LLD, which likely interrupts key pathways between frontal white matter and subcortical structures important in mood regulation.
These attacks are associated with substantial functional impairments [ 8– 10], which may include both physical and psychological effects [ 11] and impact academic [ 12], occupational [ 13], social, and family lives [ 8, 10, 14].
Effects of this kind of air pollution may include: impairment of the quality of the environment; interference with business activities; discomfort, harm or impairment of the safety of any person; rendering any property, plant or animal unsuitable for human use.
Reasons for this increased sensitivity are unclear but may include impairment in mucosal barrier integrity or changes in sensory innervation.
Other potential adverse effects of hypercapnia may include impairment of alveolar epithelial function, leading to reduced edema clearance [ 46].
For example, concern has been articulated that the harms potentially caused by deception in clinical contexts may include impairment of trust that patients have in health care staff, potentially leading to poorer health outcomes (Wendler and Miller 2004).
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