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These calculations illustrate that, if LDL production remains normal, there must be profound impairment in the functioning of the LDL pathway before LDL levels will be clearly elevated.
The cause and pathophysiology of FMs is unclear; pathophysiological hypotheses include impairment in the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and alterations in specific neurotransmitters such as substance P, N-methyl-D-aspartate, noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and serotonin (5-HT).
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Their experiments revealed that the mutations lead to impairment in the function of an enzyme called DDX21.
Developmental studies indicate that the morphological effect is mostly due to a severe retardation in the growth and ossification of the bony elements, in agreement with a general impairment in the function of posterior Hoxd genes.
Thus, a genetically determined impairment in the function of the chemokine receptor CCR5 may change the profile of recruited cells, and this may promote, for example, renal fibrosis instead of normal tissue repair [25].
An impairment in the function of immune cells has been widely described in MM patients [ 48].
These effects may lead to the impairment in the function of hematological, hepatic, renal and other organ functions.
The pathogenesis of NSD is linked not only to the limitations of the draining vascular system, but also to impairment in the function of the RPE.
Interestingly, impairment in the function of VMAT-2, which accumulates cytoplasmic DA into synaptic vesicles as seen in mice heterozygous for this transporter, increases the MA neurotoxicity [ 48].
As known, ROS production may result from impairment in the function of the defence mechanisms that enable cells to cope with lethal oxidative environment.
An impairment in the function of these counter-inflammatory responses may affect the healing process and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ventricular remodeling and heart failure following MI.
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