This suggests that equalization of cadherin expression profiles impairs segregation of nuclei.
Surprisingly, however, David Rudner and colleagues found that inactivation of topoisomerase IV does not severely impair segregation of replication origins in B. subtilis [ 34], probably indicating that DNA intertwining does not hinder segregation of replication origins in B. subtilis.
Null flies also exhibit male meiotic defects including impaired chromosome segregation [ 16].
In line with that, S. pombe mutants carrying an S10A mutation display numerous mitotic defects, including impaired chromosome segregation [30].
In 1993, 1993Strunnikov et al., characterized a yeast gene, SMC1, and its product, Smc1p, identified earlier by a mutant phenotype of impaired minichromosome segregation (Larionov et al., 1985).
More specifically, Parp2 –/– mice show defective meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, impaired chromosome segregation, and a defect in prophase of meiosis I due to massive apoptosis at pachytene and metaphase I stages, leading to subsequent spermatogenesis failure.
In mice where HAND2 is knocked out in ENS cells, the migration of ENC cells is not impaired but segregation into ganglia is abnormal (D'Autreaux et al., 2007; Lei & Howard, 2011).
The introduction of EN-actin manifests in two mitotic-inborn defects formation of binucleic cells and generation of micronuclei suggesting that cells suffer aberrant cytokinesis and/or impaired chromosomal segregation.
One spindle positioning pathway can rescue the other, but inactivation of both Kar9p and dynein pathways impairs nuclear segregation and is lethal [14].
Furthermore, since replication forks connect sister chromatids, incomplete DNA replication would impair chromosome segregation.
