SVC syndrome results from impaired blood flow through SVC to the right atrium.
In case of impaired blood flow through the superior vena cava (SVC) to the right atrium due to external compression or intrinsic obstruction of the SVC, it is recommended that intravenous access should be secured in the lower rather than in the upper extremities for anesthesia management [1, 2].
This impairs blood flow through the lungs, causes additional reflex changes that add to the heart's burden, and creates an acute form of high blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, with dilation and failure of the right ventricle.
Cirrhosis is the damage of liver cells and their gradual replacement with scar tissue that impairs blood flow through the liver causing hepatocyte death and loss of liver function [ 1].
Furthermore, decreased red blood cell deformability among patients with higher RDW values impairs blood flow through the microcirculation, resulting in the diminution of oxygen supply at the tissue level, particularly among patients suffering from myocardial infarction treated with urgent revascularization.
With prolonged/severe hypoxia, however a condition prevalent in critical illness and unavoidable at high altitude (10)—an elevated hematocrit can lead to a detrimental increase in blood viscosity (e.g., in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Monge's disease) (11), which may impair blood flow through the microcirculation (12).
In addition, microvascular disease related to T2DM may be a cause of neuronal apoptosis and brain atrophy through impaired blood flow to the neurovascular unit.
Brain injury causes swelling and impaired blood flow, depriving the brain of oxygen.
An impaired microcirculatory flow was defined as an MFI <2.5.
This occurs through a mechanism of amplified oxidation of lipids and induction of cellular oxidative stress which contributes to endothelial dysfunction, resulting in decreased arterial compliance, impaired blood flow, and a proatherogenic state.
