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Although, there was no statistical differences between mock and CFTR knockdown cells in term of n-6 FA concentrations, CFTR-depleted cells displayed a lower delta-6 desaturase index suggesting impaired conversion of 18∶2, n-6 to more desaturated products.
Mutation of the vc1059 gene encoding a short chain dehydrogenase enzyme results in significantly impaired conversion of DK-CAI-1 to CAI-1 and, importantly, also Ea-CAI-1 to CAI-1, supporting the role of DK-CAI-1 as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of CAI-1 (Scheme 2).
Conditionally indispensable amino acids include arginine, cysteine, and tyrosine, which may need to be provided under special circumstances, such as in premature infants or in people with liver disease, because of impaired conversion from precursors.
The most compelling evidence comes from a common SNP rs13266634 (c.973T>A, p.Trp325Arg) in Europeans which increased the risk of developing type II diabetes with concomitant impaired conversion of proinsulin to insulin (Sladek et al., 2007 and Kirchhoff et al., 2008).
The overexpression of TC-O led to B12 deficiency, evidenced by impaired conversion of cyano-cobalamin to ado-cobalamin and methyl-cobalamin, decreased methionine synthase activity and reduced S-adenosyl methionine to S-adenosyl homocysteine ratio, as well as increases in homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentration.
Such a state is characterized by low T3 with impaired conversion of T4 to T3.
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By contrast, deletion of the vca0301 gene in a cqsA V. choleare mutant did not significantly impair conversion of Ea-CAI-1/DK-CAI-1 to CAI-1.
Furthermore, Silva's group revealed that Mbd3 depletion strongly impairs conversion of NSCs into pre-iPSCs in the initiation phase of reprogramming and also strongly reduces the efficiency of conversion to naïve pluripotency [ 13].
Knockdown of ATG5 and ATG7 protein profoundly impaired the conversion of LC3 I to LC3 II and degradation of p62 after induction of ARHI re-expression with DOX, indicating inhibition of autophagosome formation.
In addition, the loss of the A domain in CAO impaired the conversion of divinyl-protochlorophyllide a to monovinyl protochlorophyllide a, and obviously reduced total protochlorophyllide a level under dark conditions.
Indeed CDKAL1 risk allele carriers display an insulin secretory defect that is concomitant with higher levels of proinsulin [ 4], and beta cell-specific deletion of Cdkal1 in mice results in glucose intolerance due to reduced insulin secretion and impaired proinsulin conversion [ 3].
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