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To simulate the impacts of soils on runoff, the surface (0 − 5 cm) soil properties of the toe position were applied to the entire grazed watershed.
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This was likely due to decreasing negative impacts of soil-borne enemies with soil collection latitude based on the following evidence.
Impacts of soil carbon sequestration on life cycle greenhouse gas emissions in Midwestern USA beef finishing systems.
Therefore, the impacts of soil hydraulic properties on TS SM may vary under different climate regimes.
Vegetated field margins can mitigate negative impacts of soil erosion off-site by trapping eroded material.
To test the direct impacts of soil bacteria, fungi, and nematodes on A. philoxeroides vs. A. sessilis, we conducted a greenhouse experiment in Wuhan from June to December 2015.
In parallel, studies with native plants have found greater negative impacts of soil biota at low than at high latitudes [28, 29].
To test the indirect impacts of soil bacteria, fungi, and nematodes on beetles via the native vs. invasive plants, we conducted a lab bioassay.
In a previous study, we found differing impacts of soil nematode M. incognita infection on the native beetle Cassida piperata via A. philoxeroides and A. sessilis, and detected a minor impact of soil nematodes on the foliar C N of both plant species.
Mountain ridges and acidic sulfate soil had lower recovery rates affected by the impacts of soil moisture and SO42−.
Most of these studies have emphasized above-ground interactions, largely overlooking plant soil biota interactions and the indirect, plant-mediated impacts of soil biota on above-ground herbivores [5, 8, 9].
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