Establishing specific resource efficiency targets for materials where scarcity looms or the environmental impact of extraction is serious – rare earth metals being a case in point.
While the impact of extraction and non-extraction treatment on the soft tissue response, smile esthetics, stability, and other parameters has been extensively investigated [1 3], the literature is rather inconclusive with regard to the impact of the extractions on the vertical dimension.
A central composite rotatable design was used to analyse the impact of extraction parameters (temperature, time and pressure) and a response surface methodology was used to obtain optimal extraction conditions for the maximum oil yield.
A 3 level, 3 factor Box Behnken Design was used to investigate and optimize the impact of extraction time (20, 40, 60 min), temperature (30, 45, 60 °C) and induced calorimetric power (38.50, 53.25, 68.00 W) on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of bitter gourd (BG) extract.
This study examined the impact of extraction temperature, duration and solvent (petroleum ether) to leaf proportions on the recovery of artemisinin from leaf steeped in solvent, in a central composite design (CCD), and the results were used to generate both a response surface methodology (RSM) model and an artificial neural network (ANN) model.
The impact of extraction on the environment is not an inevitable consequence to be regretted but not addressed.
We cannot ensure a responsible management of natural resources if the impact of extraction is not clear, and if a lack of information allows mistrust and suspicion to suspend collaboration and promote conflict.
As well as being generally more expensive than fuel from conventional oil reserves, these sources are more environmentally damaging both in terms of the local impact of extraction and refining, and in terms of GHG emissions [ 4].
As pointed out by analysts of the impact of extraction industries on indigenous communities [ 75], 'consultations are fundamentally flawed as a mechanism to assure that indigenous people rights are fully respected'.
Although SIGs traditionally command a registration fee, the BioLink SIG opens its doors the afternoon of its second day to all ISMB/ECCB 2009 attendees for a 2 hours session that explores the future of scientific publishing with regard to the impact of extraction methods of text, images and figures in publications.
