The relationships between the nature of the impact traces and the (i) target species, (ii) characteristics of the impacted bones, and (iii) type of weapon are presented.
The observation of 127 impact traces allowed us to distinguish three main types of traces: notches, punctures and perforations.
The subsequent study demonstrates that positive identifications of impact traces left by osseous points can be made.
The identification of projectile impact traces on archaeological faunal remains is an important issue for understanding prehistoric hunting behavior, especially in the Paleolithic and Mesolithic.
Macroscopic and microscopic analyses of experimental replicas indicated that complex fracture formation, including large numbers and dimensions of spin-offs as well as distinctive microscopic linear impact traces (MLITs), provide useful markers for determining mechanically-delivered backed points.
This low impact tracing framework suits our needs, although other tracing methods can also be adopted.
For the main analysis, published articles in the year 2003 were considered and their citation impact traced for the 5-year window start 2003-end 2007.
In the past 30 years, these models have evolved from rather crude representations of the physics and chemistry impacting trace species to their current state: comprehensive, but not complete.
For example, the new Global Environmental Management Initiative (GEMI) local water tool (LWT), which focuses on local water impacts, traces its roots back to the 2002 launch of Connecting the Drops, a 5-module water sustainability tool, and the 2007 launch of Collecting the Drops 3-module water sustainability planner.
The re-use of bottom ash in road construction necessitates a tool to predict the impact of trace metals on the surroundings over the lifetime of the road.
