Each of the four contexts will now be discussed in turn, looking firstly at the replies to an open question in the questionnaire asking about the possible impact on cheating of an increased use of e-assessment, and then at the interviews with the two teachers in each context exploring this same issue.
We will first present a description of the four contexts, and then findings related to teachers' views: the prevalence of cheating; the types of cheating; the reasons for cheating; how cheating might be prevented; the possible impact on cheating of a move to online assessment; and finally the impact of student authentication and authorship checking on assessment design.
Many teachers are concerned that an increase in the use of e-assessment will impact on cheating, though there are differences in the degree of concern between contexts, most striking is the statistically significant difference between the A_distance and B_blended contexts (Chi-square = 9.545, d.f. =2, p < 0.01).
The order of play has a significant impact on cheating behavior, even though the rules cannot be enforced.
If we define the functional role of a cooperator as contributing to the public good, and that well functioning groups minimize the impact of cheats on the public good, then, trivially, specialization resulting in mobile cooperators and sedentary cheaters corresponds to a non-social, individualistic scenario, and cannot be considered a group related phenomenon.
Thus, our empirical results indicate that the increased impact of parasitism in the presence of cheating can reduce the inherent conflict [ 46- 48] between mutualists (Fig. 3), potentially contributing to the stability of the beneficial association.
Ministers have tried to highlight the impact of benefit fraud by publishing some of the more unusual excuses used by people found guilty of cheating.
Reduce the risk of cheating.
The overall impact of these measures is to penalise people for being ill or disabled, as if that were a crime or some form of cheating.
There is another view of cheating.
