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For 15 years, he has toiled as the lead guitarist for Deep Purple, the venerable British rock band, finding what improvisatory freedom he can within the immutable structures of classic hits like "Smoke on the Water".
Specifically, we suggest that peptide recognition modules, such as PDZ, SH3, SH2, WW, EH and other domains, which show both selectivity and promiscuity in their interactions [3], [19], [24], [38], function as adaptive molecular "synapses" of cellular protein interaction networks, rather than perform as Lego Block-like elements for assembly of pre-defined and immutable structures.
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For the purpose of continued tertiary structure folding, the inserted immutable secondary structure is tagged with its appropriate summed partial charges and hydrophobicity of each secondary structure region.
Immutable data structures are the answer.
It is important to note that the builder was designed to work on immutable data structures.
Since mutability breaks referential transparency, referentially transparent expressions can only work with immutable data structures.
Since functional programming languages were designed with referential transparency in mind, these languages offer a lot of support when writing immutable data structures and side-effects free code.
One programming paradigm that greatly facilitates writing referentially transparent functions and using immutable data structures is the one of functional programming.
Although it is regarded as a best practise to favor immutable data structures over mutable ones [4], imperative code is typically full of reassignment operations since these provide a convenient way to update fields in complex data structures.
This can make writing referentially transparent expressions cumbersome in typical imperative languages where mutability is the rule rather than the exception and the language's syntax provides only marginal support for working with deeply nested immutable data structures.
We then tested how immutable data structures and referentially transparent functions can be used in parallelized bulk operations out of the box and had a closer look at our algorithms in terms of performance.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com