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Immutable data structures are the answer.
It is important to note that the builder was designed to work on immutable data structures.
Since mutability breaks referential transparency, referentially transparent expressions can only work with immutable data structures.
Since functional programming languages were designed with referential transparency in mind, these languages offer a lot of support when writing immutable data structures and side-effects free code.
One programming paradigm that greatly facilitates writing referentially transparent functions and using immutable data structures is the one of functional programming.
This can make writing referentially transparent expressions cumbersome in typical imperative languages where mutability is the rule rather than the exception and the language's syntax provides only marginal support for working with deeply nested immutable data structures.
Similar(48)
We studied the aspects and benefits of functional programming in cheminformatics by first designing an immutable data structure for representing molecules and then implementing a SMILES parser in accordance with the OpenSMILES specification [21].
We present our initial results with functional programming in chemistry by first describing an immutable data structure for molecular graphs together with a couple of simple algorithms to calculate basic molecular properties before writing a complete SMILES parser in accordance with the OpenSMILES specification.
Looking ahead at the syllabus, the next few weeks will involve reasoning about functions and immutable objects, core data structures in Scala and utilising functional techniques such as pattern matching.
However, functional data structures are by definition immutable.
The Map and PSQ data structures used in CMQ are pure functional data structures that are immutable, so their insert, update and delete operations involve some degree of copying as opposed to typical mutable data structures where changes are written directly to the memory.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com