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These results indicate the generation of a stronger type 1 immune response in the mucosally immunized groups versus those immunized parenterally.
A reactive HIV-1 specific immune response was detected among the immunized groups; however, mice receiving the Gag hypervariable regions demonstrated the highest frequency of cell-mediated immune responses.
Significant cell-mediated immune responses were shown by LPA in both immunized groups compared to the control group at 3 wppi and 3 wpbi (p < 0.05).
In addition, certain protection was obtained for immunized groups compared to controls or to fish receiving MON alone, and the levels of specific antibodies were also the highest in immunized groups.
Pooled sera from mice, for both the viral-vector and protein-in-adjuvant immunized groups, recognized Pfs25 predominantly on the surface of the ookinete (Fig. 3).
The researchers also found that the immunized groups spent a third less time in the hospital for pneumonia, a common complication, and had just half the risk of death from any cause.
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Splenomegaly was not found in either of the recombinant plasmid-immunized groups; however, cardiomegaly was absent in animals immunized only with the plasmid containing the TcSSP4 gene.
Plausibly, the variability observed in mycobacterial load within the BCG-immunized groups reflects the variability in cell-mediated immune responses in different BCG-immunized individuals.
Among the HA-immunized groups, there was no significant difference between any two groups (p>0.08 for all comparisons).
In contrast, the MN-immunized groups had IgG1/IgG2a ratios of 24 and 4 in the 3 µg and 10 µg groups, respectively.
Serum from mice vaccinated with LPS+rPorB showed an overall increased production of antigen-specific antibodies, compared with antibody levels in sera from the LPS-, rPorB- and PBS-immunized groups, which presented low levels of class switched, LPS-specific immunogloblulins.
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