One avenue of research has focused on finding ways to immunize patients against the specific cancer growing within them.
Recombinant DNA technology has allowed researchers to use modified bacteria and viruses that are not harmful to humans to immunize individuals against an antigen from a pathogenic microorganism.
There was no significant fall in the number of cases, however, until a toxin antitoxin mixture, introduced by Behring in 1913, was used to immunize children.
UNICEF and WHO kept up their efforts to eradicate polio with a 15-country campaign in Africa during which 290,000 medical personnel went door-to-door in an effort to immunize 72 million children.
In the first decade of its existence, the Measles Initiative helped to immunize some 700 million children against the disease.
For example, a variety of virus strains cause the common cold, but it is impractical to immunize against each strain.
Such so-called "killed" vaccines are used to immunize against typhoid, pertussis (whooping cough), plague, and influenza, for example.
In measles outbreaks, however, it may be advisable to alter this schedule and immunize all infants between 6 and 15 months of age.
An attenuated strain of the causative virus has been used to immunize sheep and cattle, and a vaccine for humans has been under study.
Artificial immunity, as a preventive, is variably effective, typhus and the spotted fevers being among the easiest to immunize against.
Why did jazz songs immunize listeners against fascism, as rock provided an alternative to the gray oppressions of Stalinist official culture?
