The splenocytes from immunised mice of different groups were prepared 2 weeks after the last immunisation to assess splenocyte proliferation in vitro.
3 Policy on whom to immunise against pneumococcal disease varies internationally but, like the UK, many countries offer immunisation to infants, older people and those in clinical risk groups.
"MSF faces increasing challenges in offering full immunisation to children in our projects.
"The minimum time for that immunisation to actually work, to protect, is four weeks.
And it is why tomorrow we will increase our support for the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation to stop children like John dying from totally preventable diseases.
Uptake of the vaccine varies, so offering immunisation to boys would protect them from acquiring the infection from non-vaccinated women, or men, she wrote.
If Sophie can understand the basic mathematics behind risk, for example, then she will make better choices on everything from immunisation to diet.
In August the chief medical officer, Sir Liam Donaldson, urged NHS primary care trusts and GPs to offer catch-up immunisation to reduce the risk of a measles epidemic.
Mary Ramsay, the agency's head of immunisation, said: "We are working closely with the Department of Health's Joint Committee of Vaccination and Immunisation to consider the most effective ways to tackle the ongoing outbreak.
Yet it had a dramatic effect and actually reduced the cost per immunisation to the NGO, because the nurses who had to be paid for the whole day anyway were now busier.
In the latest edition of The Spirit Level, she and co-author Richard Wilkinson use the Unicef index of child wellbeing, which measures around 40 different elements, from immunisation to the presence of bullying, to illustrate that: "There is no connection between the proportion of single parents and the national standards of child wellbeing.
