However, IFN−γ can also negatively regulate immune responses and contribute to immune regulation processes [31], [36], [37].
The pathway contributes to regulation of various cellular processes, such as apoptosis, cell differentiation, cell growth as well as tumor suppression and immune regulation processes [ 4].
A fundamental issue of such studies is whether variation in the level of a secreted cytokine is the primary cause for the disease or a secondary downstream effect of the immune regulation process.
From the functional enrichment analysis, we found that the duplicated genes were enriched in olfactory function, whereas the deleted genes were enriched in immune regulation and metabolic processes (Additional file 1 Table S8, Table S9, Table S10, and Table S11).
It participates in the regulation of energy balance, inflammatory processes, immune regulation, synaptic formation, memory condensation, and neurotrophic activities.
This finding corroborates the view that immune regulation is a key process that should be considered when investigating the outcome of immune activation and its effects on host fitness.
Some of the infection in these children could be controlled with macrolide antibiotics, mainly because macrolide antibiotics have an antimicrobial effect in vivo and are also involved in immune regulation during the recovery process of the disease, giving some clinical effectiveness [ 22].
Stress response constitutes another broad category of conserved age-related pathways that encompass a variety of biological processes, from immune regulation to epigenetic modification [12], [13], [14].
Taken together, we believe this effort provides valuable insights into the role of CD25 stability and sCD25 production on the process of immune regulation.
Having a wide range of substrates [ 48], DPP4 is related to various physiological process including immune regulation, signal transduction and carcinogenesis [ 49- 52].
Enrichment of these biological processes indicates that the genes differentially expressed in response to BLG, OVA or PNA sensitization are involved in the process of immune regulation or hypersensitivity responses.
