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The non-correspondence of these six expert resources with large-scale experimental efforts partly indicates the specialized nature of some of these resources and partly may indicate potential in further management of immune knowledge from expert curators.
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Since the human hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) is representative of effective vaccines that can induce ideal humoral immune responses, knowledge of how it elicits antibody responses and T helper cells would be an useful reference for HIV vaccine development.
In order to treat or prevent this immune paralysis, knowledge on the time course of immune paralysis in vivo and the pathophysiological mechanisms of immune paralysis is essential.
31 Based on this knowledge, immune replacement therapies were widely explored in the hope of correcting the immune deficiencies and thus preventing neonatal infections.
Expectations for vaccines should be realistic and linked to the understanding of host immune responses and knowledge regarding the pathogen and disease pathogenesis.
Understanding how glycans on HAs affect the immune response and knowledge of how broadly neutralizing antibodies are induced will pave the way for a cross-protective influenza vaccine that does not require frequent updates or annual immunizations.
While there has been much focus on T cell-mediated immune responses, limited knowledge exists on the role of mature B cells.
Interfering with co-stimulatory pathways has the promise to modulate immune responses without knowledge of the antigen.
However, despite extensive information regarding the effects of sex hormones on immune cells, our knowledge is limited regarding the effects of sex and gender on the function of the mucosal immune system.
Despite extensive information regarding the effects of sex hormones on immune cells, our knowledge is limited regarding the effects of sex and gender on the function of the gut mucosal immune system [ 14, 15].
Since many human diseases are associated with the MHC region and deficiencies of immune system, such knowledge is of great interest to researchers and industries that use cynomolgus monkeys as experimental models.
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