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During the process of immobilization, heavy metals in soils are removed using amendments from soil solution either through adsorption, complexation, and precipitation reactions, thereby rendering the metal(loid)s unavailable for human and plant uptake and leaching to groundwater [6].
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Cement is the most adaptable binder currently available for the immobilization of heavy metals.
Loss of function may be caused by prolonged immobilization, by heavy scarring after severe injury or infection, or by injury to motor nerves.
A novel strategy for improving the immobilization of heavy metals during the use of electroplating sludge in the production of clay bricks, was proposed by the addition of waste glass.
Overall results suggested the addition of waste glass powder was a promising method in improving immobilization of heavy metals during the use of electroplating sludge in production of clay bricks.
Typical clay minerals, natural sepiolite, palygorskite, and bentonite, have been widely utilized for the in-situ immobilization of heavy metals in soils, especially Cd-polluted paddy soils and wastewater-irrigated farmland soils.
The results showed that MS amendment obviously (p < 0.05) promoted the organic waste degradation and prolonged the thermophilic phase as well as enhanced the immobilization of heavy metals Cu and Zn.
However, the application of biochars on immobilization of heavy metals has not been systematically investigated to any extent [12].
In addition to immobilization of heavy metals, AAS paste can be used for uptake of CO2 which is a typical greenhouse gas.
Bandara et al. (2017) investigated the effect of biochar and fungal-bacterial co-inoculation on soil enzymatic activity and immobilization of heavy metals in soil collected from an ultramafic outcrop in Sri Lanka.
The focus of this paper is to investigate the potential of soil-zeolite in the immobilization of heavy metals and the effect of leachate on physical properties of soil in the presence of zeolite.
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