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Instead, to construct the dummy variable IMMIGRANT we used the following: "Can I just check how long have you lived in the United Kingdom?".
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To compare outcomes of all immigrants and immigrant subgroups versus non-immigrants we used logistic regression to compute odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for maternal age and parity at delivery.
For the Ukrainian immigrant group, we used results of the following two surveys.
In order to give an operational definition of immigrant, we have used the legal category of foreign national.
As the closest available proxy for the percentage of legal immigrants per state, we used the "foreign born, not a US citizen" category available in the Public Basic Monthly Survey for 1994 to 2001.
We used recent immigrants (0 4 years) as the reference.
Other estimates of mortality by ethnic group have also been prepared from country of birth information collected on death certificates (Harding and Balarajan 2002), although these apply only to the first generation of immigrants whilst the ethnic classification we used is appropriate for all generations.
To predict the change in the share of immigrants for the 2001 2011 period we use the Census immigrant count by country of birth of each of the 17 country/region groups previously defined, calculate their distribution across the 347 spatial units in 2001 and multiply each distribution by the 2001 2011 inflow of immigrants to the UK from the respective country.
Once we have our dependent variable capturing differences in regional employment rates for each skill group and year from the national average, we use the immigrant penetration index defined in Borjas (2001) to examine whether immigration affects regional convergence in employment rates.
To predict the change in the share of immigrants for the 2004/5-2010/11 period we use the APS and follow the same procedure, using as base distribution the average between 2004/5 and 2005/6 waves to increase precision.
Immigrant London used to be found within Tube zone two.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com