Sentence examples for immigrant penetration from inspiring English sources
Once we have our dependent variable capturing differences in regional employment rates for each skill group and year from the national average, we use the immigrant penetration index defined in Borjas (2001) to examine whether immigration affects regional convergence in employment rates.
Additionally, the increased immigrant penetration may have accelerated regional employment convergence by reducing regional employment disparities by skill group.
The last specification of panels B and C test the robustness of the results to an alternative definition of immigrant penetration within a skill group.
We then use our dependent variable from Eq. 3, which we refer to as y, and the immigrant penetration index (i.e. x in what follows) to estimate a panel vector autoregressive (panel VAR) model and gauge whether and, if so, to what extent, immigration helps attain regional employment convergence.
The immigrant penetration index is defined as: g_{rs} ( t) = ln left( {{frac{{I_{rs} ( {t, t + 1} )}}{{N_{rs} ( t)}}}} right) (5 where ( I_{rs} ( {t,t + 1}) ) is the number of immigrants in skill group s entering a particular region r between t and t + 1 and N rs (t) is the number of natives in skill group s in region r at time period t.
Given New York City's large immigrant population and its deep penetration in the small business sector, the opportunities are huge.
It is probable that a certain form of shamanism was diffused on the two American continents with the first waves of immigrants from Asia; later contacts between northern Asia and North America made Asian influence possible well after the penetration of the first immigrants.
But not full penetration.
Is partial penetration covered?
