In the naked mole-rat, at a high enough concentration, application of SP caused a large, immediate, and long-lasting sensitization of foot withdrawal latency that was transiently reversed by application of either antagonist.
The habituation deficit normalizes during attacks, whereas sensitizations vanishes between attacks, but in the immediate pre-ictal phase both sensitization and deficient habituation may variably co-exist in response to non-noxious and pain stimuli.
SP caused a large, immediate decrease in withdrawal latency (sensitization) and under these conditions, APV produced a large, immediate, and transient increase in foot withdrawal latency back to baseline levels (Fig. 3E).
Central sensitization can occur as an immediate or delayed phenomenon [ 38], resulting in increased sensitivity of wide dynamic range and nociception specific neurons of the spinal cord.
The third type of reaction, the type I, immediate-type hypersensitivity reaction, relies on previous sensitization of the immune system to latex antigens and to the generation of IgE antibodies directed specifically at latex proteins and is the most serious of the three (Atkins 1999; Vandenplas et al. 1995).
Surgery-induced pain and central sensitization consist of two phases: an immediate incisional phase and a prolonged inflammatory phase that arises primarily due to tissue damage [ 11].
However, as we also demonstrated sensitization and activation (pharmacological effects) of MCs during immediate (type 1) hypersensitivity reactions in normal animals occurred after 9 12 days of repeated ocular challenges [4 8, 100].
In addition to histamine, mast cells release several chemical mediators such as prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), that has been shown to cause activation and sensitization of meningeal sensory afferents [77, 78] and to induce immediate headache in migraine patients and non-migraineurs as well as migraine-like attacks in migraineurs [43, 79].
Despite investigating the allergological pattern with regard to fungal sensitization, none of the allergological findings except positive results for immediate cutaneous reaction against B. adusta demonstrated significant correlations with changes in cough VAS or J-LC Q J-LC Q
The fact that sensitization can occur in locations distant from the sensitizing stimulus (duodenum) suggests a central site of sensitization.
Whereas delayed central sensitization depends mostly on transcriptional and translational neuronal changes during afferent barrage, immediate central sensitization relies mainly on dorsal horn receptor mechanisms, including the N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) and neurokinin-1 receptors [ 39].
