In the heat of the moment it would have been easy to offer an immediate kneejerk refusal to trigger article 50 in any circumstance.
Reasons for immediate referral, refusal and other reasons for not entering the trial were recorded.
The immediate reason was the refusal by Saudi Arabia at the OPEC summit in Vienna last Friday to cut production, despite a global glut of oil.
The immediate cause is the refusal of Europe - and France in particular - to make any fresh reforms in the common agricultural policy (CAP) which, according to the Economist, accounts for 90% of a French farmer's pre-tax income.
A year after making this record, though, Dupree was fired from Rochester's School No 4. It seems the immediate cause was her refusal to wear high heels but it's not hard to imagine her radical, black feminist politics and refusal to toe the line were the underlying reason.
Among those who did come for the follow-up visit, 165 (50.6%) had a colposcopic abnormality indicating biopsy, with 45 (27.3%) refusing biopsy (significantly lower than biopsy refusal among women with immediate colposcopy (53.4%, p<0.001).
Rarely has the simple act of refusal yielded such immediate returns.
At least some of Ms. Merkel's refusal to allow immediate assistance to Greece was based on her fears that it would fan anti-E.U.
Three days into the Cuban missile crisis, Gen. Curtis LeMay of the U.S. Air Force suggested the president's refusal to order immediate air strikes on the Soviet missiles was "almost as bad as the appeasement at Munich".
The immediate catalyst was Syria's refusal to admit Arab civilian and military observers to oversee the peace agreement, ending a military crackdown that the United Nations says has claimed more than 3,500 lives since March.
