First, appropriate weighting of clinically defined risk (based on clinician assessment and clinical laboratory results) relative to genetic risk is not trivial to determine; that is, it is not clear whether an observable clinical manifestation of a disease is worth more to a clinician in terms of immediate intervention needs than a future risk as indicated by genetic susceptibility.
Treatment priority was assessed with the Emergency Severity Index (ESI), a valid and reliable 5-level triage tool, ranging from 'level 1' immediate lifesaving intervention needed, 'level 2' patient needs to be seen as soon as possible, 'level 3' more than one resource needed, 'level 4' one resource needed, to 'level 5' no resources needed [ 14].
Emergency triage in Italy is carried out with color codes: red (immediate life-saving intervention needed), yellow (urgent intervention needed), green (delayed intervention is sufficient), white (not urgent).
Harriet A. Washington, a medical ethicist and the author of "Medical Apartheid," a prize-winning history of experimentation on African-Americans, told me, "Often, when people give a rationale for this kind of research they talk about the fact that these people are urgently ill, need immediate intervention, and that better solutions are needed".
Indeed, ICU care has been demonstrated to improve outcome in severely ill and unstable patients, and these patients require intensive monitoring and may potentially need immediate intervention [ 27].
Ice packs are also available in pharmacies but it is important to have an ice pack in the house to give an immediate intervention when the need arises.
Others have defects that do not require immediate intervention; some children will not need surgery.
