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A number of mathematical models have been developed for the balanced and imbalanced bone remodeling.
In turn, a number of pathologies, associated with imbalanced bone remodeling, arise mainly from MMP overexpression and abnormalities of the ECM, leading to bone osteolysis or bone formation.
Our data also reflect that an imbalanced bone modeling caused new bone formation and bone loss.
The number of deformities increased throughout the experiment and an imbalanced bone and cartilage production characterized susceptible fish, predisposed for developing deformities [ 23].
The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and pathways reflect the link between the two pathological processes of SpA, i.e., immune mediated inflammation, as well as imbalanced bone modelling caused new boneformation and bone loss.
A major devastating complication of this disease is myeloma bone disease, which is associated with increased mortality and is driven by interaction between myeloma cells and cells of the bone marrow microenvironment, leading to imbalanced bone remodeling [ 21].
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Osteoporosis results when bone resorption and bone formation are imbalanced and excess bone breakdown exceeds bone building [ 2].
Controlling osteoclastogenesis is important for bone homeostasis and an abnormal osteoclastogenesis leads to imbalance of bone remodeling that is related to various diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple myeloma [ 5].
Osteoporosis occurs when bone remodeling process, the process that normally occurs throughout life to control the repair or replacement of bone following injuries, is imbalanced with a net bone resorption greater than bone formation at bone multicellular units (BMUs) [1 3].
This imbalance between bone-forming and bone-resorbing cells was further attested by a decreased serum level of bone-formation marker (osteocalcin) and a trend of increased amount of resorption marker (TRAP; Figure 6b).
Disuse typically causes an imbalance in bone formation and bone resorption, leading to losses of cortical and trabecular bone.
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