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Observer variation analysis is now customary when evaluating imaging modalities or procedures, or when starting studies on larger image materials [60, 61, 62], and it is well known that observer variation can be small or large between observers, due to differences in experience and variations in image quality or ease of detection and characterisation of a lesion.
With the recent development of a wide range of in-situ TEM stages and dedicated environmental TEM, it is now possible to image materials under high-temperature, gas, and liquid conditions, as well as in other complex electrochemical, optical, and mechanical settings [1 4].
See cover image Materials and Methods are available in the online-only Data Supplement.
For instance, it is exceedingly difficult to image materials smaller than 50 nm inside the human body, and quantifying carbon nanotubes is all but impossible, which poses a major challenge to assessing whether nanoparticles reach specific organs when evaluating data from toxicity studies.
The patients have the typical symptoms and signs of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and formal conservative treatment is not effective; 2. The patients were diagnosed with single level cervical spondylotic myelopathy by CT or MRI (Fig. 1); 3. The patients have constant and complete clinical and image materials; The exclusion criteria: 1.
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Final image material underwent averaging over repetitions.
The final judgement by the Bundesgerichtshof basically said that Google is allowed to depict copyrighted image material on its SERPs in thumbnail format.
The image material is typically collected using video cameras mounted on cars which drive around the streets of a city.
The environment classification for the SDARS measurement data was performed by visual inspection of the image material from two cameras.
Cultural heritage documents are often subject to digitization processes resulting in image material, even for textual contents.
Recently, considerable effort has been undertaken to make use of image material by developing semi- or fully-automated systems to improve the diagnostic workup.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com