The selection of an image element should promote the coselection of similar image elements, and the IGT suggests that an enhanced response should spread between neurons representing image elements of the same figure.
Connections between neurons that code image elements of the same elongated object are enabled (Fig. 13a), but the base representation does not reveal whether element 1 belongs to the same object as element 2 or element 3. Transitive grouping of elements 1 and 2 does not take place until attention spreads across the enabled connections to make this additional, incremental grouping explicit.
One of the hypothesized advantages of binding-by-synchrony is that multiple incremental groups may coexist in perception, because neurons coding the image elements of different groups would fire at different phases of an oscillation (Behrmann et al., 1998; Cowan, 2001; Singer & Gray, 1995).
To start with a simple example, we will first indicate how the IGT accounts for the grouping of image elements on the basis of connectedness.
However, there are other conditions where the grouping of image elements on the basis of connectedness and good continuation is associated with substantial delays (Crundall, Dewhurst, & Underwood, 2008; Jolicoeur, Ullman, & MacKay, 1986 , 1991 Pringle & Egeth, 1988; Roelfsema, Scholte, & Spekreijse, 1999).
More precisely, the image information capacity, per unit of image area, may be defined by (10) as follows [ 47]: (A.1) IC = lim T → ∞ lo g 2 N S T = n p lo g 2 N S, where n p is the number of image elements (pixels) per unit of area that can be registered in an image element.
As discussed in section 4, the structural features of the object of interest in an EM image are typically corrupted by noise resulting from counting noise in the number of electrons per image element, sensitivity of individual channels in the image sensor, radiation damage to the specimen, and fluctuations in local concentrations of buffer chemical components.
At this stage (base representation), the pattern of activity represents a collection of image elements, but it does not reveal which elements belong to the same object.
The spread of enhanced neuronal activity corresponds to the labeling of image elements with object-based attention.
Fortunately, the sort of image elements that cause this localized flickering are extremely few and far between.
The "mapper" tag is for describing the mapping relationships between the attributes of Image elements in the models above.
