For the calculation of the resistivities, a rod length of 800 nm was estimated from SEM images (the deviation from the average being around 5%). Scanning electron microscopy images were taken using a LEO VP-1530 field emission scanning electron microscope (Peabody, MA, USA).
This discrepancy is likely due to an overestimation of the tumour volume on the images, and deviation from the assumed 1 g/mL mass density may also play a role.
In order to remove incorrectly selected protein aggregates or other artifacts, images whose mean or standard deviation deviated a lot from the typical values of the dataset were removed.
The images are deviations from 1-h running averages to show the bubble structures and their disappearance more clearly.
The filtered (standard deviation) image is then normalized (via pixel wise division) by the mean image, which is also computed by replacing each pixel by the mean value of pixels in a local window around the pixel.
Finally, with static interferograms, additional information is needed to determine the polarity of the wavefront: In Fig. 13, one can see that the tested surface on the right deviates from flatness, but one cannot tell from this single image whether this deviation from flatness is concave or convex.
After analyzing the bar code image, the standard deviation of the Gaussian blur kernel is obtained.
Table 8 Results of corner forgery for 50 forged image set Operation Minimum Maximum Mean Standard deviation Corner changes 0.2650 0.2650 0.2650 30.2650.
Table 5 Sensitivity towards forged images and localized Table 6 Normalized hamming distance for 800 forged image pairs Operation Minimum Maximum Mean Standard deviation Forged image pairs 0.2043 0.3381 0.3264 24.76.
Table 9 Normalized hamming distance of 170 × (170 − 1)/2 = 14, 365 image pairs Operation Minimum Maximum Mean Standard deviation Different image pairs 0.21 0.79 0.45 27.63.
