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Next, we compared the illusion-related statements and the control statements, and found that the difference between the illusion statements and control ones was greatest in the synchronous conditon (the statistical analysis can be found in Text S1 in Supporting Information).
As in experiments 1 and 3, in each ANOVA, one of the three pairs of illusion statements constituted the factor Statement: "rubber hand ownership" (S1, S2), "real hand disownership" (S3, S4) and "feeling of having two right hands" (S5, S6), respectively.
Also of the six participants with high scores on the illusion statements, five had a map of referred sensations.
From the data obtained with the questionnaire we took the mean value of the three illusion statements from the stump and arm condition, respectively.
Importantly, however, these scores were significantly higher than in the control statements, and higher than illusion statements in the arm condition serving as the control (see Fig. 1).
When inspecting the results of individual participants, 6 out of the 18 showed confirmative scores (≥+1) for all three illusion questions; these participants were defined as having a strong illusion (their mean score was +2.17 on the illusion statements).
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This concern is further strengthened by the low scores given by the subjects when asked to rate two illusion-statements [49].
As expected, both illusions produced greater scores for the illusion-related statements than the control questions (i.e. a significant effect of the main factor Statement type (F 1, 115) = 122.107, p<0.001).
Here we observed significantly weaker ownership of the rubber hand in combination with weaker real hand disownership when comparing the supernumerary and the traditional rubber hand illusions, with no significant differences in the overall rating scores across the illusion-related statements.
In the first ANOVA, the Statement factor corresponded to the pair of illusion-related statements reflecting "rubber hand ownership" (S1, S2); in the second ANOVA it was the pair reflecting "real hand disownership" (S3, S4), and in the third one it was the statements related to "the feeling of having two right hands" (S5, S6).
As can be seen in Fig. 2, this group of amputees could clearly experience the normal rubber hand illusion (scores for statements 1 3 of above +1, which was much higher than for the control statements).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com