The study demonstrated feasibility of using Visible – Near InfraRed – Short Wave InfraRed (VIS-NIR-SWIR) spectroscopy for monitoring post-fire evolution of burnt soils and showed that the choice of the appropriate accessory (e.g., Illuminator lamp) improves the reliability of SOM estimations.
Three setups of Analytical Spectral Device (ASD) FieldSpec®4 spectroradiometer with different spectroscopy accessories (external integrating sphere, illuminator lamp and contact probe) were used for measurement of reflectance spectra and evaluation of soil organic matter (SOM) in 82 soil samples from wildfire burns in Aragon, Northern Spain.
Measurements with Illuminator lamp and contact probe were more stable and corresponding calibration models for SOM built using partial least square regression combined with step-down variable selection algorithm (SA-PLSR) demonstrated acceptable predictive ability (0.75 ≤ R2V ≤ 0.81; 2.00 ≤ RPD ≤ 2.55).
First, iridodilators could not be used, which could have influenced the detection and classification of the cataract, even though the examiners maximized the pupil diameter with the illuminator and slit lamp settings described in the Methods section, this could have been an underestimation of cataract prevalence.
An image of the tube containing the fluorophore was obtained and analyzed using a digital Optronics Microfire Camera (S99808, Goleta, CA) with a Fiber-Lite MH-100 Illuminator, a metal halide lamp, as a light source (MH100A, Edmund Industrial Optics, Barrington, NJ).
The epi-illumination setup included a 100 W HBO mercury lamp and an illuminator equipped with a blue (450 to 490 nm/>520 nm excitation/emission wavelengths) and green filter set (530 to 560 nm/>580 nm).
Cells were imaged at 40× magnification (Plan Fluorite, NA = 0.75, Olympus) using an Olympus BX-41 upright microscope with a CytoViva high-resolution illuminator and a quartz halogen lamp with aluminum reflector (400 1000 nm).
Selective observation of FITC-labelled plasma was possible using epi-illumination with a 100 W mercury lamp attached to a Ploemopack illuminator with a Leitz I2/3 filter block (excitation 450 490 nm, emission ⩽515 nm) and rhodamine 6G-stained leucocytes were visualised using a Leitz N2 filter block (excitation 530 560 nm, emission ⩽580 nm).
IVM was performed by epi-illumination techniques using a custom-made Mikron IVM500 microscope (Mikron Instruments, San Marcos, CA, USA) coupled with a 50 W mercury lamp (HBO 50 microscope illuminator, Zeiss, Switzerland) attached to combined blue (exciter 455DF70, dichroic 515DRLP, and emitter 515ALP) and green (exciter 525DF45, dichroic 560DRLP, and emitter 565ALP) filter blocks.
Once incorporated within Aβ16 22 nanostructures, each PIC functionality was photolyzed using standard laboratory apparatus (6-W illuminator with 254- and 365-nm lamps).
For functional assays, absorbance spectra were also measured after exposure to light (either a 366 nm UV light illuminator for UVS pigments, or a 60-W lamp with 440 nm cutoff filter for VS pigments), to hydrochloric acid (HCl; 100 mM), or to hydroxylamine (NH2OH; 50 mM).
