Illumination was quantified with a Synergy 2 (Biotek, Winooski, VT, United States).
FRAP involves tagging a protein of interest with a fluorescent molecule, taking an image of the basal fluorescence level, photobleaching a specific area of interest with high-intensity laser illumination, and then quantifying the recovery of fluorescence intensity as unbleached molecules switch places in the area of interest with the bleached molecules (Table 1D).
The number of BrdU + cells in the RMS of this optimal section was quantified under brightfield illumination (20× objective; Zeiss 200 M Axiovert inverted microscope equipped with Axiovision 4.6 software).
Hydrogen fluxes (photogenerated under 200 mwhite white light illumination in a PEC at 0.3 V bias potential) have been quantified as a function of illumination time by quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) reaching values up to 2.2±0.1 μmolH2/min⋅cm2 in the best scenario.
RNA quality was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis (1.8% gels run with TAE buffer followed by nucleic acid band visualization under UV illumination after ethidium bromide staining) and quantified by A260/A280 OD readings.
Its illumination directly revealed the 3D extensions of the light sheet, which were imaged and quantified (Fig. 2).
Visualization was achieved by illumination using a trans-illuminator (Uvitec, Cambridge, U.K ., and gel bands were quantified using Uvitec software.
Images were obtained using a digital CCD camera under UV illumination, and the fraction of DNA below the constriction zone was quantified using NIH ImageJ 1.38 software (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA).
We quantify the illumination constraints imposed by phototoxicity and show that stable continuous high-rate recordings can be obtained.
The rates of electron input to PS I were quantified from the half-decay-time of re-reduction of P700 upon post-illumination.
To determine whether this suppression of ZI affected the cortical activity driven by central thalamus stimulation, we quantified the changes in somatosensory cortex firing rate evoked by ChR2 activation with and without illumination of eNpHR.
