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Diffuse reflection is responsible for the ability to see most illuminated surfaces from any position rays reach the eyes after reflecting off every portion of the surface.
The SAR system transmits microwaves and receives backscatter signal from illuminated surfaces.
On top of providing the large solar illuminated surfaces needed for microalgae production, this original combination opens various optimization opportunities, such as the possibility to create mutual benefits for both systems with appropriate and efficient integration.
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This result is probably due to a higher PBR illuminated surface area, and a more regular flow pattern between the illuminated and dark zones verified in SCAPBR 50, which allows exposing cells to regular light dark periods.
The dogma of digital progress asserts the equivalence of those screens, foretelling a happy state of "platform agnosticism" in which we all watch anything anywhere, on whatever electronically illuminated surface is handy.
The investment cost per year (I) is calculated according to the illumination area of the treatment plant (A p) and the wastewater treatment plant life cycle (L) using Eq. 8 (Carra et al. 2013): I = frac{{A_{text{p}} C_{text{p}} }}{L}, (8 where C p the cost per one m2 of the plant illuminated surface.
Béchet et al. cultivated C. sorokiniana outdoors without temperature control (maximum temperature of the culture was 41°C) in a 51 L cylinder photobioreactor, with a productivity of 0.21 g L−1 d−1 (10 g m−2 of directly illuminated surface d−1) [ 50].
The experiments were performed with different illuminated reactor surfaces, in different seasons of the year, and under changing weather conditions (i.e., cloudy and sunny days).
However, the use of a monochromator may be impractical when deploying extended illumination sources to illuminate large surfaces.
Continuous assessment of piloerection was carried out by means of an optical recording device, which captured video data from the unilaterally illuminated skin surface (Benedek et al., 2010).
The best average biomass and fatty acid productivities (about 0.67 and 0.39 g L−1 d−1 corresponding to 20.1 and 11.7 g m−2 of directly illuminated reactor surface d−1, respectively) were obtained at the highest cell concentration (4 g L−1).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com