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Severity of illness was calculated as the SOFA score [18], [19] and ARDS severity as PaO2 FiO2 ratio and the lung injury (Murray) score.[17] To allow the comparison of LIS between groups with different durations of ventilator use, we also present LIS as an area under the curve (AUC) per day of measurement where specified.
Cost of illness was calculated as average cost per episode per case in ambulatory setup.
To analyze the morbidity in these groups the proportion with longstanding illness was calculated.
Acute severity of illness was calculated (SAPS II and SOFA scores) on day 1 of admission.
The severity of illness was calculated using the Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score [ 4] and the nursing workload by the classical Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System-28 [ 5].
The value of time lost from work because of illness was calculated by using an estimate of average weekly earnings (9 ).
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Incidence estimates for overall respiratory illness, clinic-visit associated respiratory illness, confinement to quarters and hospitalization (associated with respiratory illness) were calculated based on self-reported events and person-time in theater using negative binomial regression (Poisson regression analysis assumptions not met).
Finally, the costs of productivity loss due to illness were calculated, using the friction cost approach [ 15], based on questions about absence from paid employment due to illness.
Importantly, proportions of severe, moderate, and mild illness were calculated among seropositive participants, rather than among the entire sample, and are thus less susceptible to selection bias.
Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of severity of illness were calculated upon admission and on a daily basis, respectively.
49 Productivity losses of the time parents took off work because of their child's illness were calculated using the human capital approach, which involves multiplying time off work by the individual's salary.
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