Recent patients with other common TB risk factors, i.e., HIV infection, illegal drug use, incarceration, and long-term care residence, were equally likely to have epidemiologic links identified by cluster or contact investigations.
Criminal justice variables included historical incarcerations (adult or juvenile), length of sentence, drug-related sentence and income from illegal activities prior to incarceration.
But its theology values families (and thus frowns on the separation, through deportation or incarceration, of illegal family members).
In Uganda homosexual acts are illegal and punishable by incarceration in prison for up to 14 years.
Although discrimination based upon history of incarceration is illegal, focus group participants identified criminal justice involvement as a barrier to education, employment, and housing.
Ultimately, debtors' prisons are not only illegal, they are counterproductive: incarceration strains limited public resources and can have devastating consequences on the lives of the poor.
Simply put, the rate of involvement with illegal substances and the incarceration rate for illegal substances are conversely related: while it's estimated that about five times as many whites are using drugs as African-Americans, fully two-thirds of all persons who are serving prison sentences for drug offenses are people of color.
We were therefore unable to assess the impact of variables such as incarceration, homelessness, illegal immigrant status, unemployment status, HIV testing history, psychological condition, counselling and community support on outcomes.
The most common reasons for incarceration were illegal entry or expired visa/passport in other countries (N = 227), fighting (N = 225), alleged work for Taliban (N = 20) or government (N = 22), and drug cultivation or trafficking (N = 41).
The individuals represented are exposed to the same demographic and criminal justice risk factors for re-incarceration (<25 years of age, male, Indigenous, prior adult and juvenile incarceration, income from illegal activities, sentence <6 months, drug-related sentence).
