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In this and the previous section, we have reviewed evidence on the effectiveness of ALMPs and activation from three different sources: (i) micro evaluations of individual ALMPs; (ii) macroeconomic evaluations of ALMPs; and (iii) country case studies of activation strategies.
(iii) Country characteristics – to assess the effects of population size, region, and program strength.
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(iii) Countries also vary substantially with regard to the probability that adults' Educational Attainment equals or exceeds that of their parents'.
We account for several factors affecting national levels of public R&D spending, including (i) the international context – i.e. Lisbon strategy; (ii) country characteristics – level of private R&D, GDP, trade openness and the National System of Innovation; (iii) countries' similarities in relation to (a) trade and economic size and (b) sectoral specialization.
The aim of our paper is to start developing assessment tools for futures studies that look at regions and countries along the three dimensions of (i) future regional food and water stress, (ii) fragility of governance structures, and (iii) countries with relevant reserves of strategic materials.
These studies, three waves have been conducted to date, used surveys to evaluate coronary care in 9 (EUROASPIRE I), 15 (EUROASPIRE II), and 22 (EUROASPIRE III) countries, respectively; Austria did not participate in either of these.
Knowledge spillovers to EMEs accruing from (i) the industrialized world, (ii) the emerging world, (iii) different country and regional groups, (iv) selected bilateral cases, and (v) those within the regional clusters of EMEs, are modeled.
In each row, the following information is displayed: (i) row number, (ii) the associated MeSH term, (iii) the country of origin of the sample, (iv) the associated KIR profile, (v) the sample size and gene frequencies for controls and patients, (vi) odds ratio value, (vii) P-value and (viii) statistical method used in comparisons.
Poor countries are likely to have lower accuracy in term of measuring both inputs and outputs; and iii) for countries that achieved 100% efficiency, the result does not mean that their efficiency cannot be improved in the future; it simply says that at a given level of expenditure on AIDS no other countries produce more outputs than they do.
Our study points to the need to (i) develop clearer and more standardized definitions of CSR in global health (2) strengthen indices to track CSR strategies and their public health effects in developing countries and (iii) undertake more country level studies that investigate how CSR engages with national health systems.
Quadrants II and III display countries with high-quality exports.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com