Speciesism doesn't work because it assumes human exceptionalism and also because it ignores within-species variation that often is more marked than between-species differences.
This method ignores within-city spatial gradients and restricts studies to areas with nearby monitoring data.
However, this method has been strongly criticized because it ignores within-breed diversity [ 11, 17, 19- 23].
Using city-average exposures ignores within-city exposure contrasts and may underestimate the magnitude of the association between PM2.5 pollution and health outcomes.
Although this averaging may reduce instrument errors (and thereby classical exposure error), it ignores within-city spatial gradients in exposure, which can be substantial and may have important implications for health.
As a caveat, we point out that this linear model ignores within-subject relationships and resulting P-values should only be interpreted as descriptive as opposed to inferential measures.
While effective, this approach ignores within-family variation, hence, will be less effective than approaches that utilise both within- and between-family genetic variation (Falconer and Mackay, 1996; Meuwissen and Goddard, 1996).
Existing approaches use point estimates of an individual's partworth utilities as input to the product optimization stage, ignoring within-person variability in estimates.
Hence, our decision in Step 2 to ignore within-liver sampling error and measurement error as having a negligible effect on subsequent calculations is justified.
In reconstructing population ancestry, we aim to describe between-population variation, while ignoring within-population variation.
Moreover, regression techniques may ignore within-country correlations when longitudinal data are modelled, and thus lead to biased estimates of regression parameters and results [ 20].
