GM was forced to recall 2.6m cars in relation to the ignition switch issue, at a cost of $2.8bn.
Because other parts of this "stockpile stewardship" program may have to absorb cost overruns at the ignition facility, its political support has eroded.
Open image in new window Fig. 7 Spatial pattern of susceptibility for each model: a logistic regression, b probit regression, c the ANN, d RF-original, and e RF-cost sensitive, f depicts ignition probability.
Because the model input data were extremely unbalanced between ignition and nonignition samples, we also introduced a cost-sensitivity analysis into the RF model (RF-cost sensitive) in addition to the standard RF model (RF-original).
Considering the extreme data imbalance regarding wildfire ignitions and nonignitions, a cost-sensitivity analysis is usually used in the models.
This natural hazard presents a complex mesh of dynamic factors for those seeking to reduce or manage its costs, as ignitions, hazard behaviour, and the reactions of different human and ecological communities during and after hazard events are all extremely uncertain.
To address the imbalance issue, 3330 nonignition samples were randomly selected to form the training samples with the 1665 ignition samples for the ANN, RF, and RF-cost sensitive models.
It's true that as a socially responsible economist, I always weigh the global costs and global benefits before pushing the ignition button on my car.
Earnings, however, were hurt by a $1.3 billion charge for the costs of various recalls, including for faulty ignition switches on 2.6 million cars.
In court papers, Ford said it would cost about $150 a vehicle to replace the ignition device.
