In this case, d i and d j are irrelevant, which is denoted as d i ⊀ d j. 4. If there is a probability p to have Δq j > 0, p ∈ (0,1), it means that indicator d j will lead to increment on the metric of d j with probability of p. In this case, d i and d j are not completely related, which is denoted as ( {d}_i overset{sim }{prec } {d}_j ).
If there is a probability that at random one of the X or Y signals totally drops out for a heterozygous individual, while the other signal remains strong, then the perturbed method is preferred.
If a subject is unable to endure the experiment, or if a researcher believes there is a probability of injury, the test must end.
We would like to calculate the probability of such hot spots in the different quadrants to see if there is a higher probability for such hot spots in the upper outer quadrant, and to determine if this higher probability is consistent with the higher incidence of tumors in this quadrant.
The court ruled in 1985 that "evidence is material only if there is a reasonable probability that, had the evidence been disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding would have been different".
The Supreme Court, in the Citizens United case, did say that disclosure requirements might be thrown out if there is a "reasonable probability" that contributors will be subject to "threats, harassment, or reprisals".
Legal experts say that even if there is a low probability of an acquittal, there is little motivation for Mr. Rajaratnam to plead guilty now, 17 months after federal agents arrested him in his Sutton Place apartment in Manhattan on securities fraud and conspiracy charges.
It is often argued that civil disobedience can only be justified if there is a high probability of producing positive change through that disobedience.
In the proposed approach, it is suggested to double the number of attempts for medium access if there is a high probability that the neighbouring nodes are still within the transmission range of each other.
With this commitment private judgment remains defensible even if there is a low probability that its exercise will produce true beliefs, so long as no other better method of tracking truth is available (which also becomes proportionately less likely as one's scepticism increases).
