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wondered if the sample had been "preprepared".
If the sample is bad, the results follow.
The problem comes if the sample isn't really random.
If the sample shows nothing suspicious, a green light tells the passenger to move on.
The thickness might be ∼1 μm if the sample expanded over the culet (Fig. 4).
However, random differences may remain if the sample size is insufficiently large.
And it is difficult to get statistically robust results if the sample of service users is small".
If the sample is less than 400, the result should be considered no more than a ballpark estimate.
Method 1 calculates the ARL values as if the sample means were independent normal random variables; Method 2 calculates the ARL values as if the sample means were an AR(1) process.
If the sample from a subset is small, then a traditional design-based survey estimator may have unacceptably large variance.
This edge effect becomes critical if the sample dimensions are comparable to the thickness of the sample window.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com