If the applied stress is removed while a ductile material is in the plastic range, part of the strain is recoverable (elastically), but there is permanent deformation.
If the applied force F is perpendicular to the velocity v, it follows from equation (109) that the energy E, or, equivalently, the velocity squared v2, will be constant, just as in Newtonian mechanics.
If the applied stress is less than the critical stress, a self-accommodating variant structure forms.
Crack growth only occurred if the applied field exceeded the coercive field strength of the material.
If the applied policy returns (mathtt{notapply }), the awareness information is not specified.
If the applied stress is small, the grooves approach an invariant shape, and the ceramic erodes by gross mass loss.
If the applied stress is large, the grooves sharpen into crack fronts, and the ceramic breaks by decohesion.
The electron temperature is therefore deduced from the observed sheath capacitance if the applied sheath model is valid.
So if the applied force is of sufficient magnitude, there is an occurrence of biological tooth response [4].
However if the applied voltage is above 100 V, the emitted charge is nearly linear function of the pulse energy.
On the other hand, the interlocks contain less material and therefore shear off if the applied force is too high.
