If spillover benefits are a drawback for corporations, they're a huge boon to society, which is why it makes sense for government to try to foster them.
If spillover effects across LAs are negligible, then policymakers will have to pay more attention to variations in care homes availability across LAs, because they will also imply variations in delayed discharges.
If the neuronal signal strength is strong enough or if spillover of local inflammatory mediators into the circulation is robust enough, it signals to the brain, resulting in activation of the two major stress axes, the HPA axis and the SNS [ 3, 4].
If the spillover effect prevails over the substitutability effect, firms are motivated to expand output; otherwise, they prefer to shrink output.
Because Shenzhen is a region of low vulnerability to typhoon disaster, the direct benefit of retrofitting could be outweighed by its costs in high-cost scenarios if its spillover effects to premium subsidy and disaster relief are not taken into account.
Moreover, even if this spillover were to occur, the near absence of virus shedding in the rVSV∆G/EBOVGP infected animals suggests that spillover would not result in maintenance of rVSV∆G/EBOVGP within a pig herd.
Even if there are spillovers associated with immigration in the form of reduced "American-ness" or in terms of a less vibrant, less distinct culture it isn't clear that these externalities are actionable, let alone negative.
Another observation that warrants additional investigation is if and how anticipated guilt works in spillover phenomenon.
While spillover can be corrected for mathematically [36, 37], a clear advantage of the probe-derived IF is the lack of spillover.
Foreign direct investments and presence of foreign capital can be considered positive even if there are no spillovers.
