For example, if a rule states that "if gene g can be bound by TF f, then it can be up-regulated at time t", it is possible that g is up-regulated at t due to a reduced concentration of f, which actually implies a repressive role of f.
Therefore, a path from the root to a leaf defines a possible regulatory rule, for example, " if a gene can be bound by TF A and TF B, it will be up-regulated at time t".
From these learned decision trees, we then extract rules in the form of, for example, "if a gene can be bound by TF A and TF B, it will be up-regulated under condition c at time point t".
The use of noble metal and/or oxide based catalyst systems may offer higher activity and stability, but only if the metal can be bound into a thermally stable structure.
Despite being invisible, the shadows can be bound, and if they expire, all damage they sustained are transferred to their user.
Therefore, our data suggest that not all the increased copper can be bound to mutant huntingtin if there is a 1∶1 binding stoichiometry and that some excess metals are likely at other cellular or sub-cellular sites where they may be mediating oxidative injury.
It can be easily verified that the bound (6) is better than the bound (7).
GBSSI is the only SS that makes amylose, but it can elongate amylopectin processively if it is bound to this polymer [ 14, 56].
However, if we assume the RMSD to be non-zero, then a lower bound and an upper bound for it can be computed.
