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Buildings are designed to separate and enclose areas, so that a fire will not spread; to incorporate fire-prevention devices, alarms, and exit signs; to isolate equipment and materials that could cause a fire or explode if exposed to fire; and to install fire-extinguishing equipment at regular intervals throughout a structure.
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Specimens that have been exposed to fire or to severe abrasion must be avoided.
b Only the columns exposed to fire.
It is also seen that fire resistance declines considerably when only the beam is exposed to fire, compared to exposing the columns to fire.
Open image in new window Fig. 13 Fire resistance of the case "L = 1.5H", members separately exposed to fire. a Only the beam exposed to fire.
(Lee and Lee 2013) conducted experimental and numerical studies of the fire resistance of concrete walls exposed to fire on both sides.
Open image in new window Fig. 15 Fire resistance of the case "L = 2.5H", all the members exposed to fire. a Fire alone and IO level.
It was observed in both frames and both situations, before and after earthquake, that the fire resistance rating when the entire frames are exposed to fire is largely similar to the situation when only beams are exposed to fire.
Interestingly, Figs. 13 and 14 show that there is similarity in fire resistance when all members are exposed to fire and when only the beam is exposed to fire.
Again, there is similarity between the fire resistance when the whole frame is exposed to fire and that when only the beam is exposed to fire, which again signifies that the fire resistance of the frames depends mostly on the fire resistance of the beam.
This is critically important as the vulnerability of earthquake-damaged structures exposed to PEF is much more than those exposed to fire alone.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com