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If causation primarily runs from growth to debt, then pro-cyclical austerity measures are a poor solution.
Evidential decision theory has weaker metaphysical assumptions than has causal decision theory, even if causation has impeccable metaphysical credentials.
If causation requires strict laws, and there are no strict psychophysical laws, how can the mental be causally efficacious?
If causation involved transference, a Cartesian soul could not causally affect, or be affected by, a body (but see Hart 1988; Hoffman and Rosenkrantz 1991).
If causation must involve a physical connection between a cause and its effect, than many everyday causal claims will not count as causation.
If causation is assessed by the latter baseline, then any disadvantage caused by an existing social arrangement will be an injustice.
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If backward causation is possible we cannot have a free will.
(Even if backwards causation is logically possible, it is not within our power).
If backward causation is to be conceptually possible it forces us to be realists with respect to the future.
If the causation of this sudden pause in business investment proves transitory (significant uncertainty around the economics of global trade), capex will resume and with it productivity, thereby offsetting the impact of rising wages (unit labor costs).
But if backward causation is a notion that is applicable only to processes that human beings are unable to control in any foreseeable way the notion would not provoke our intuitions so much.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com